What is Stock and Flow variables in economics class 12

In Macroeconomics all variables are classified as stock & flows. There all lot of variable economic aspects in economics for example income, saving, production, expenditure, demand etc.

All these economic variables are either stock or flow.

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Stock

Variables whose magnitude is measured at a particular point of time are called stock variables.

For example:-

Assets, Liabilities, wealth, inventory, capital as all these variable are calculated at as on 31st march.

Note:- In simple words all items in balance sheet are stocks variables.

Flow

Variables whose magnitude is measured over a period of time are called flow variables.

For Example:-

Income, output, expenditure, investment, intermediate costs, net change in stock, sale, purchase, revenue expenditure, other income

Difference between Stock & Flows variables

S.N	Stock	Flow
1	Stock refers to the magnitude of a variable at a point of time	Flow refers to the value of a variable during a period of time.
2	Stock is not dimensional. it is measured at a specific point in time.	Flow is time dimensional. It is measured per hour, per month, or per year.
3	Stock impacts the flow. The greater the stock of capital, the greater is the flow of goods and services.	The flow impacts the flow. Greater the flow of income, greater is the stock of wealth with the people

Examples of Stock

1. Wealth
2. Labour Force
3. Capital
4. Supply of Money
5. Bank Deposits
6. Water in the overhead tank
7. Distance between Delhi and Mumbai
8. Rice stored in a godown
9. The population of a country

Examples of Flow

1. Income
2. Expenditure of Money
3. Capital Formation
4. Change in the supply of money in a country
5. Interest on Capital
6. Leakage of water from the overhead tank.
7. Speed of a car going from Delhi to Mumbai
8. Sales of rice
9. The number of births.

MCQ of Stock and flow macroeconomics Class 12

1 Which of the following is not a flow variable?

a) Income

b) Capital Formation

c) Supply of money in a country

d) Leakage of water from the overhead tank

Ans. C

2. Which of the following is a stock variable?

a) Interest of capital

b) Distance between Delhi and Manali

c) Expenditure of Money

d) All of these

Ans b

3. A car running between Delhi to Agra at a speed of 120km/h includes

a) only stock variables

b) only flow variables

c) both a stock and a flow variable

d) none of these

Ans C

4. Income of the family is the example of which variable?

a) Stock

b) Flow

c) Both stock and flow

d) Neither stock nor flow

Ans b

5. A quantity measured per unit of time period is known as:

a) stock variable

b) flow variable

c) inventory

d) none of these

Ans b

6. A stock variable

a) has no time dimension

b) is a static concept

c) both a) and b)

d) None of these

Ans c

Few more examples of Stock and Flows.

1. Investment – Flow
2. Monetary Expenditure – Flow
3. A family consumption of sugar – Flow
4. Services of a tutor – Flow
5. Production of Cement – Flow
6. The machinery of a Sugar Mill – Stock
7. A hundred rupee note – Stock (As the stock is part of the Money supply)
8. Capital – Stock
9. Consumption – Flow
10. Expenditure – Flow
11. Income – Flow
12. GDP – Flow
13. Money Supply – Stock
14. Bank Deposits (Bank Balance) – Stock
15. Demand – Flow
16. Supply – Flow
17. Aggregate Supply – Flow
18. Aggregate Demand – Flow
19. Savings – Flow
20. Balance of Payments – Flow

Further Reading:-

S.N	Topics
1.	What is Macroeconomics
2.	What are Goods in economics
3.	What are Consumption Goods
4.	What are capital goods
5.	What are intermediate Goods
6.	What is intermediate consumption
7.	What are final Goods
8.	What is Final Consumption
9.	What is investment in economics
10.	What is stock and flow
11.	What are transfer payments
12.	What is circular flow of income
13.	What is Domestic Territory of a Country
14.	What is normal resident of a country
15.	Nominal GDP and Real GDP

S.N	Topics
1.	What is GDP Deflator
2.	What are externalities in economics
3.	Limitations of GDP as a measure of welfare

S.N	Topics
1.	Items to be included in National income
2.	Items to be included in Domestic Income

S.N	Topics
1.	National Income and Related Aggregates, formula, Definition, process
2.	Value added Method, formula, Definition, process
3.	Income Method, formula, Definition, process
4.	Expenditure Method, formula, Definition, process
5.

S.N	Topics
1.	150+ Numerical of Value Added Method
2.	150+ Numerical of Income Method
3.	150+ Numerical of Expenditure Method
4.	150+ Numerical of National Income and related aggregates

S.N	Topics
1.	250+ MCQs of National Income